Stripe debuts Tempo, a payments-first L1 — Stripe confirmed its long-rumored blockchain play, launching Tempo, a high-throughput EVM chain built for stablecoin settlement. Tempo promises reliable execution, private transactions, and payment-native scaling, setting up a direct clash with Circle’s Arc and other issuer-led networks.

Fireblocks launches stablecoin “SWIFT” network — Fireblocks unveiled the Network for Payments, a hub for stablecoin transactions connecting 40+ firms and 300 PSPs across 100+ countries. It already facilitates $200B in monthly flows across 60+ currencies, and could become the neutral back-end rail for PSPs globally.

Vitalik backs Codex, an Ethereum L2 for payments — Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin publicly endorsed Codex, a new L2 purpose-built for payments and tokenization. His support highlights the open-ecosystem response to corporate and aggregator rails—and underscores Ethereum’s bid to remain the neutral settlement commons for digital dollars.

Who Owns the Rails? Stripe, Fireblocks, and Ethereum’s Fight for Open Money

In the 1770s, London’s bankers didn’t clear payments at banks, they met at the Five Bells tavern on Lombard Street, exchanging checks and coins over ale. While alcohol and settlement is precarious recipe, it worked for those bankers, it surely worked for the tavern owner, but it meant you literally needed to have a seat at the table to join. Today’s stablecoin economy faces the same fork: will the settlement rails we’re building become open and composable, or gated corporate schemes?

This week made the choice vivid: Stripe launched Tempo, a payments-first blockchain; Fireblocks unveiled a private “stablecoin SWIFT” claiming $200 billion a month in flows; and Vitalik Buterin endorsed Codex, an Ethereum-aligned L2 for payments and tokenization. Three announcements, three archetypes, three futures for stablecoin rails.

The Vertical Grab

Circle’s Arc (and Circle Payments Network), Tether’s Stable and Plasma, and now Stripe’s Tempo all reflect the same strategy: control the money and the rail it runs on.

• Incentive: Issuance is now a commodity. Anyone can mint a token backed by short-term Treasuries. The defensible economics are in blockspace (the fee layer, the compliance levers, the control points). Owning the rail means capturing both the margin and the narrative.

• Risk: Fragmentation. Closed loops muy scale quickly, but each becomes an island. The tavern clerks of Lombard Street solved their own settlement problem, but left everyone else outside.

The logic is seductive. Circle can ensure USDC finality and compliance inside Arc. Tether can slash transfer costs by embedding USDT in Plasma or Stable. Stripe can embed Tempo into millions of merchants. But the long-term cost is Balkanization: liquidity pools splintered, interoperability sacrificed, and open innovation throttled.

The vertical play works, until it doesn’t. Think of AOL’s walled garden: superior UX in the short run, irrelevant once the open internet caught up.

The Aggregators

If vertical integration is about control, horizontal expansion is about orchestration. In this race for rails, aggregation players are emerging as orchestrators of settlement, offering one-touch integration to handle the fragmentation of stablecoin networks.

Fireblocks’ Network for Payments is built on as much as $200 billion a month flows across 40+ providers in over 100 countries; a private SWIFT for stablecoins, trading permissionless idealism for enterprise-grade one-call routing.

Meanwhile, Visa and Mastercard continue embedding stablecoin settlement into their vast merchant rails, ensuring that regardless of which token or blockchain wins, they remain the planet’s payment backbone. JPMorgan’s Kinexys is quietly building a permissioned stablecoin ledger, replatforming legacy infrastructure onto Arbitrum to enable real-time programmable institutional payments.

On the crypto-native front, Bridge offers orchestration APIs for businesses to issue, convert, and send stablecoins, while aggregators like Borderless or Bitso stitch together a network of licensed financial institutions across countries, enabling cross-border conversions between stablecoins and local banking rails. Ubyx rounds out the set: backed by Galaxy Ventures and Coinbase, it’s designing a regulated clearinghouse that allows seamless redemptions of stablecoins into fiat at par through hosted wallets, promising true “digital cash equivalence”.

• Incentive: Enterprises don’t want to pick chains; they want a single integration point. Aggregators sell the allure of one connection, handling compliance, routing, and liquidity fragmentation.

• Risk: The aggregator becomes the gatekeeper. SWIFT standardized messaging, but entrenched a closed club. Stablecoins risk repeating that history.

The irony is stark. Stablecoins promised disintermediation, yet the biggest flows are being re-intermediated through private rails. Off-chain plumbing masquerading as on-chain progress.

The Open Bet

Ethereum and its L2s, with Codex most explicitly, represent the opposite wager: rails that are on-chain, open, and credibly neutral.

• Incentive: Composability. In non-payment use cases—collateral, lending, derivatives. You can’t tokenize a fund, rehypothecate collateral, or build DeFi money markets on private APIs. Open rails win wherever programmability matters.

• Risk: Open rails, built as multipurpose platforms, have historically lagged behind purpose-built systems like Tempo that optimize for just one use case.

  To compete, open rails must deliver enterprise-grade performance while also attracting liquidity and building a user base — a much slower climb than tapping into an established customer network. Without closing both the UX and adoption gaps, payment flows will drift into private toll roads.

Vitalik’s endorsement of Codex isn’t just a nod to a new L2. It’s a recognition that Ethereum faces an existential test: stay the universal base layer for programmable money, or watch payments—the largest prize of all—drift into corporatized silos.

Why Now

The last two years were the coin era. Everyone issued a stablecoin: USDC, USDT, PYUSD, Gemini Dollar, Paxos’s suite. Issuance became a commodity business, and the profits went to whoever could scale reserves fastest.

The next five years are the rail era. Issuers, fintechs, banks, and card networks are converging on the same realization: settlement is where the margin and the power sit.

Why It Matters

Stablecoins are already $285 billion in supply, with volumes that rival Visa and Mastercard’s monthly throughput. Fireblocks alone claims $200 billion a month in stablecoin flows across 100 countries. Circle’s public market investors value it not for USDC per se, but for the moat Arc and CPN promise.

The infrastructure being laid down now will determine whether this value flows through open, programmable commons—or gets locked into proprietary networks.

What to Watch Next

• Does Stripe keep Tempo issuer-neutral, or tilt toward preferred partners?

• Will Fireblocks remain a private SWIFT or will it go on-chain?

• Can Codex and Ethereum L2s deliver the UX institutions demand, without replicating walled gardens?

• Do interoperability plays like Bridge, Borderless, and Ubyx succeed in gluing silos together, or get shut out?

Bottom Line

The battle for rails is not a technical squabble. It is about who owns the future of money. Closed networks tempt institutions with predictability and control. Aggregators sell neutrality while centralizing power. Only open ecosystems keep money a public good.

The choice is stark. If we want stablecoins to be more than digital banknotes, the rails must remain open. Otherwise, we’ll be back at the tavern—settling among ourselves, leaving the rest of the world locked outside.

Other Stories Worth Your Time

Ondo brings tokenized U.S. stocks on-chain — Ondo Finance launched Ondo Global Markets, offering more than 100 tokenized U.S. stocks and ETFs on Ethereum. Non-U.S. investors can mint and redeem directly on-chain, with plans to add Solana and BNB and scale to 1,000 assets by year end.

Galaxy tokenizes its own shares on Solana — Galaxy Digital became the first U.S.-listed company to natively tokenize its SEC-registered equity, using Superstate on Solana. This is the first time registered shares of a public company are mirrored on-chain with legal parity, marking a turning point for equity tokenization.

Kraken and Backed bring xStocks to Ethereum — Kraken partnered with Backed to extend xStocks — tokenized equities already live on Solana, BNB, and Tron — to Ethereum. With ERC-20 wrappers, tokenized equities can now integrate more deeply into DeFi protocols and collateral markets.

Fed to host Payments Innovation Conference — The Federal Reserve set Oct. 21 for a “Payments Innovation Conference” covering stablecoins, tokenization, and AI in payments. The agenda signals growing institutional recognition and potential policy pivots around stablecoin use in the U.S.

ECB’s Lagarde warns on foreign stablecoins — ECB President Christine Lagarde warned that non-EU stablecoins could pose liquidity risks during redemption runs. She called for “robust equivalence regimes” to force foreign issuers to meet EU standards — effectively raising the bar for USDC, USDT, and others in Europe.

Hyperliquid eyes native stablecoin — The derivatives exchange is exploring a native stablecoin to reduce reliance on USDC. The move highlights platform risk in DeFi, where dependence on centralized issuers can become a chokepoint for growth.

VersaBank pilots tokenized deposits in the U.S. — Canadian digital bank VersaBank launched a pilot for tokenized deposits in the U.S., marking its first step into digitized banking liabilities. Tokenized deposits could offer a regulatory-compliant alternative to stablecoins for institutions.